Ngā Pātai Auau

A: I whakatūria e mātou he mahi tonu e toru ngā pourewa, ā, i tāpirihia he pourewa wā-poto hei whakapai ake i te tere whakaora me te whakaiti i te ngaronga o te NMP. Ko ēnei he pourewa maroke: Ko te nuinga o te wai ka tangohia mai i te tihi o te pourewa, ā, ko te raro o te pourewa ka tomo ki te pourewa tango mārama. Pourewa tango mārama: Ka tangohia ngā wāhanga mārama mai i te tihi o te pourewa, ā, ka tomo te papa o te pourewa ki te pourewa whakamahine. Pourewa whakamahine: Ko te NMP kua tika hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga hua ka tukuna mai i te tihi o te pourewa, ā, ka tomo te papa o te pourewa ki te pourewa puranga. Pourewa wā-poto: Ko te NMP kua tangohia mai i te tihi o te pourewa ka tomo ki te tāke wai para, ā, ka tākaihia te papa o te pourewa ki roto i ngā oko ka tukuna ki tētahi kaihanga whai tohu hei maimoatanga.

A: Nō te wai Akomanga C A te NMP. Kei raro i te pēhanga kino te whakahaere o tā mātou pou whakatō. Ahakoa kua heke te pāmahana whakahaere, kei te teitei tonu te pāmahana whakahaere i te pūwāhi mura o te NMP. E ai ki ngā ture, nō te taputapu Akomanga B te taputapu. E ai ki ngā momo taputapu me ngā āhuatanga o ngā taputapu tautoko, me whai whakatakotoranga whaitake, ā, kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga mō te mokowā ārai ahi.

A: Me tatau whānuitia kia rite ki ngā utu o te otinga pai NMP me te otinga para NMP. Mena he iti te rerekētanga utu i waenga i te otinga pai NMP me te otinga para NMP me te kukū motuhake, ka roa te wā ki te whakaora i te waeine. Mena he nui te rerekētanga utu, ka poto ake te wā whakahoki. E ai ki te rerekētanga utu o nāianei, ko te wā whakaora o ā mātou kaute he 1-1.5 tau te nuinga.

A: E rua ngā āhuatanga e wehea whānuitia ana: 1. He roa te wā e tīmata ai te motuka mō te wā tuatahi, nā te mea me whakakapi katoa ngā rauemi o te pūnaha. E rua wiki pea te roa hei whakaputa i ngā hua whai mana i tēnei wā. 2. I muri i te whakatūnga, ka taea te whakaputa i ngā hua whai mana i roto i ngā haora 10-12.

A: I roto i te whakahaere o tētahi pou whakatō, me whakahaere te pēhanga o te pourewa i roto i te taupū kua tohua hei whakarerekē i ētahi atu tawhā. Mā te piki me te heke o te pēhanga o te pourewa ka whakangaro i te taurite rauemi me te taurite hau-wai o te pourewa katoa, ā, ka kore e tutuki i ngā hua te kounga e hiahiatia ana. Nō reira, he maha ngā pou whakatō he ine motuhake hei whakarite kia pumau te pēhanga o te pourewa i roto i te awhe e tika ana.

Mō te pēhanga o te pourewa o te pourewa pēhanga, e rua ngā tikanga whakatikatika matua e whai ake nei:
1. Ina he pūwhakamātao te pūwhakamātao i te tihi o te pourewa, ka whakatikatikaina te pēhanga o te pourewa e te whakaoranga o te āhua hau. Ina kore e rerekē ngā āhuatanga kē atu, ka piki ake te whakaoranga o te hau, ka heke te pēhanga o te pourewa; ka heke te hanga hau, ka piki ake te pēhanga o te pourewa.
2. Ina kī tonu te pūwhakamātao i te tihi o te pourewa, ka whakatikatikaina te pēhanga o te pourewa e te nui o te hauhautanga, he rite tonu ki te whakatikatika i te pāmahana o te wai reflux.
I raro i te kaupapa o ētahi atu āhuatanga kāore i rerekē, ka heke te pāmahana o te wai reflux me te pēhanga o te pourewa i te pikinga ake o te horopeta o te hauhautanga. Mēnā ka whakaitihia te nui o te hauhautanga, ka piki ake te pāmahana o te wai reflux, ā, ka piki ake te pēhanga o te pourewa.

Mō te whakahaere pēhanga o te pou whakahoro korehau, e rua ngā tikanga matua e whai ake nei:
1. Ina whakamahia te papu korehau hiko mō te whakakorekore, ka tāutahia te takirere whakahaere ki te raina reflux o te papu korehau, ā, ka whakatikatikaina te nui o te tango hau putanga o te pūnaha mā te whakatuwheratanga o te takirere whakahaere, kia whakatikatikaina ai te tohu korehau o te pourewa.

Mō te whakahaere i te pēhanga o te pourewa hau, e toru ngā tikanga matua e whai ake nei:
1. Ki te kore e teitei te pumau o te pēhanga o runga o te pourewa, kāore he take ki te tāuta i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere pēhanga, ā, me tāuta he paipa ki te āhuarangi ki runga i ngā taputapu whakatō (te pūwhakamātao, te tāke reflux rānei) hei whakarite kia tata te pēhanga i roto i te pourewa ki te pēhanga o te āhuarangi.
2. Ina teitei te pumau o te pēhanga o runga o te pourewa, kāore rānei e taea e ngā rauemi kua wehea te pā ki te hau, ka taea te whakamahi i te tikanga whakahaere o te pēhanga o runga o te pourewa.
3. Whakatikatikahia te pēhanga kohu o te raro o te pourewa mā te whakatikatika i te nui o te kohu kua wera i te raro o te pourewa.

A: Ka whakatauhia te pāmahana o te ipu wai mā te pēhanga o te ipu wai me te hanganga o ngā rauemi. I roto i te tukanga whakatikatika, mā te pupuri i te pāmahana kua tohua o te ipu wai ka taea te whakarite i te kounga o te hua. Nō reira, ko te pāmahana o te ipu wai tētahi o ngā tohu whakahaere nui i roto i te mahi whakatō.

Ina rerekē te pāmahana o te ipu, ka whakatikatikaina te pāmahana o te ipu ki te pāmahana noa mā te whakarerekē i te nui o te mamaoa whakamahana i roto i te ipu mimiti. Ina iti iho te pāmahana o te ipu i te uara kua tohua, me whakanui ake te nui o te mamaoa hei whakanui ake i te nui o te mimiti o te wai o te ipu, kia piki ake ai te nui o ngā wāhanga taumaha i roto i te wai o te ipu, kia piki ake ai te pūwāhi mirumiru, kia piki ake ai hoki te pāmahana o te ipu.

Ina teitei ake te pāmahana o te kohua i te uara kua tohua, me whakaiti te whakamahinga o te mamaoa hei whakaiti i te mimiti o te wai o te kohua, kia piki ake ai te nui o ngā wāhanga māmā i roto i te wai o te kohua, kia heke ai te pūwāhi mirumiru, kia heke ai hoki te pāmahana o te kohua.

He maha ngā take mō te pikinga o te pāmahana o te kēta. Ina piki ohorere te pēhanga o te pourewa, ka piki te pāmahana o te kēta, kātahi ka heke anō. Nā te mea ko te pikinga o te pāmahana o te kēta nā te pikinga o te pēhanga, ka piki ake te pūwāhi mirumiru i roto i te kēta. Nō reira, kāore te nui o te mamaoa e piki ake ana i roto i te pourewa e piki ake, engari ka heke iho nā te pikinga o te pēhanga; Pēnei, kāore i tino mimiti te mimiti o ngā wāhanga māmā i roto i te wai whakaranu o te pourewa me te kēta, ka heke iho te pūwāhi mirumiru o te kēta, ā, nō reira ka heke anō hoki te pāmahana o te kēta.

Engari, ina heke ohorere te pēhanga o te pourewa, ka piki ake te mamaoa e piki ake ana i roto i te pourewa nā te hekenga o te pēhanga o te pourewa, ka hua ake te hekenga tere o te taumata wai i raro i te pourewa, kia taea ai te kawe i ngā wāhanga taumaha ki runga o te pourewa. I te taumaha haere o ngā wāhanga o te wai o te kēta, ka piki ake te pūwāhi mirumiru o te wai o te kēta, ā, ka piki ake hoki te pāmahana o te kēta. Mai i tēnei tirohanga, he mea nui te pēhanga o te pourewa e puta ai te huringa o te pāmahana o te kēta. Nō reira, mā te whakahaere tuatahi i te pēhanga o te pourewa i roto i te taupū e hiahiatia ana ka taea ai e tātou te mōhio tika mēnā ka tutuki te pāmahana o te kēta i ngā whakaritenga tukanga, ki te kore ka arahi ki te mahi hē. Ka heke hoki te pāmahana o te kēta me te pikinga o te kukū o ngā wāhanga māmā i roto i te whāngai, ā, ka piki ake me te pikinga o te kukū o ngā wāhanga taumaha. Hei tāpiri, kei roto i te kēta te wai, kua āraia ētahi ngongo e te polymerization o ngā rauemi i roto i te kēta mimiti, ko te pikinga o te pēhanga o te mamaoa whakamahana, te korenga o te takirere whakahaere me te whakangaromanga o te whakaputanga taurite o ngā rauemi ka taea katoa te puta ai te huringa o te pāmahana o te kēta. Ina piki haere te pāmahana o te kohua, me tātarihia, me whakakore hoki ngā take o te piki haere.

He iti rawa te putanga i te tihi o te pourewa, ka pēhi ngā wāhanga māmā ki roto i te ipu o te pourewa, ā, ka heke te pāmahana o te ipu. I tēnei wā, ki te kore e whakanuia te tangohanga i te tihi o te pourewa, ko te whakanui noa i te nui o te mamaoa whakamahana i roto i te ipu o te pourewa, ehara i te mea kāore he pānga ki te pāmahana o te ipu, engari ka puta hoki he waipuke i ngā wā kino. Ko tētahi atu tauira ko te aukati i ngā ngongo o te ipu mimiti nā te whakakotahitanga o ngā rauemi, ka heke te pāmahana o te ipu. I tēnei wā, me whakamutu te taputapu mō te tiaki.

A: Ka whakatauhia te ōwehenga reflux kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga wehenga o ngā rauemi mata.

Ka pāngia te ōhanga o te mahi whakapūkara me te kounga o ngā hua e te nui rawa, e te iti rawa rānei o te ōwehenga whakapūkara. Mā te whakanui ake i te ōwehenga whakapūkara ka piki ake te kukū o ngā wāhanga māmā i roto i te hua o runga, engari ka whakaitihia te kaha whakaputa o te pourewa, ā, ka piki ake hoki te whakamahinga o te pūngao matao i te tihi me te wera i te raro o te pourewa.

I roto i te mahi noa, me pupuri tonu te ōwehenga reflux e tika ana, me te whai kia pai te pānga ōhanga i runga i te kaupapa o te whakarite i te kounga o te hua. Mēnā ka pakaru ngā āhuatanga whakaputa noa o te pourewa, ka kore rānei e tika te kounga o te hua, ka taea te whakarerekē i te ōwehenga reflux. Hei tauira, ka piki ake te ihirangi o ngā wāhanga taumaha i roto i te hua o runga, ka heke te kounga, nō reira me whakanui ake te ōwehenga reflux. He iti rawa te kawenga (tere whāngai) o te pourewa. Hei whakarite i te tere o te mamaoa e piki ake ana i roto i te pourewa, me whakanui ake te ōwehenga reflux.

A: He maha ngā huarahi hei whakatika i te ōwehenga reflux:
1. Whakaitihia te whakaputanga o runga hei whakanui ake i te ōwehenga reflux.
2. Ina he pūwhakamātao te pūwhakamātao i te tihi o te pourewa, ka taea te whakanui ake i te nui o te hauhautanga i te tihi o te pourewa hei whakanui ake i te rōrahi o te hauhautanga me te ōwehenga reflux.
3. Mena he rerenga wai ākiaki kei roto i te tāke rokiroki waenga me te wai rerenga, ka taea te whakanui ake i te rere rerenga mō te wā poto hei whakapai ake i te ōwehenga rerenga, engari kaua e whakawāteahia te tāke rokiroki rerenga.

A: Ko te rerekētanga o te pēhanga o te pourewa te mea matua hei ine i te kawenga hau i roto i te pourewa, ā, ko tētahi o ngā tohu nui hei whakatau mēnā he taurite te whāngai me te tukunga o te mahi whakatō. I raro i te āhuatanga kei te taurite te whāngai me te tukunga, ā, he pumau te ōwehenga reflux, kāore te rerekētanga o te pēhanga o te pourewa e rerekē.

Ina pakaru te toenga rauemi noa, ina rerekē rānei te pāmahana me te pēhanga i roto i te pourewa, ka rerekē te tere o te mamaoa e piki haere ana i roto i te pourewa, ā, ka rerekē hoki te teitei o te hiri wai o te paepae, ka rerekē ai te pēhanga i roto i te pourewa.

I roto i te mahi whakatikatika, e toru ngā tikanga noa hei whakatika i ngā take mō te huringa o te rerekētanga o te pēhanga o te pourewa:
1. I raro i te āhua o te tere whāngai pumau, ka whakatikatikaina te rerekētanga o te pēhanga o te pourewa e te tere tangohanga āhua wai i te tihi o te pourewa. Ina nui ake ngā hua ka puta, ka heke te tere o te mamaoa e piki ake ana i roto i te pourewa, ā, ka heke te rerekētanga o te pēhanga i roto i te pourewa; I te hekenga o te whakaoranga, ka piki ake te tere o te mamaoa e piki ake ana i roto i te pourewa, ā, ka piki ake te rerekētanga o te pēhanga i roto i te pourewa.
2. I raro i te āhua o te whakaputanga pumau, ka whakatikatikaina te rerekētanga pēhanga o te pourewa e te tere whāngai. Ka piki ake te tere whāngai, ka piki ake hoki te rerekētanga pēhanga o te pourewa; ka heke te rerekētanga pēhanga o te pourewa ina heke te tere whāngai.
3. I roto i te whānuitanga e whakaaetia ana e te taupū tukanga, ka whakatikatikaina te rerekētanga o te pēhanga o te pourewa e te huringa o te pāmahana o te kēta. Ka piki ake te pāmahana o te kēta, ka piki ake te rerekētanga o te pēhanga o te pourewa; Ina heke te pāmahana o te kēta, ka heke te rerekētanga o te pēhanga o te pourewa.

Mō ngā rerekētanga pēhanga i puta mai i ngā raruraru taputapu, me whakahaere e tātou kia rite ki ngā raruraru motuhake, ā, me mutu te mahi tiaki mēnā he nui ngā take.

A: He mea nui te pāmahana i te tihi o te pourewa hei whakatau i te kounga o ngā hua i te tihi o te pourewa. I raro i te kaupapa o te pēhanga tonu o te pourewa, ka piki ake te nui o ngā wāhanga taumaha i roto i te hua o runga, ā, ka heke te kounga i te pikinga ake o te pāmahana o runga.

E rua ngā tikanga matua hei whakarerekē i te pāmahana o te tihi o te pourewa: ko te tuatahi ko te whakatika i te rere o te reflux me te whakarerekē i te pāmahana reflux; ko te tuatahi ko te whakatika i te pāmahana reflux me te whakarerekē i te rere reflux. Nā te piki haere o ngā taputapu whakaputa tauine nui, me te whakaaro ki te pumau o te whakaputa, kua whānuitia te whakamahi i te tikanga whakarerekē i te rere whakahoki.

Ko ngā tikanga motuhake mō te whakarerekē i te pāmahana o runga o te pourewa koia ēnei:
1. Whakahaerehia te pāmahana o runga mā te rere whakahoki. Ina piki ake te rere whakahoki, ka heke te pāmahana o runga, he mea e whakamahia ana i te wā e kī ana te tihi o te pourewa i te pūwhakamātao.
2. Ina huri te āhua o te hauhautanga e whakamahia ana i te tihi o te pourewa i te wā e whakawhiti wera ana, ka taea te whakahaere i te pāmahana o runga mā te whakarerekētanga hūanga o te pēhanga mimiti me te pāmahana o runga o te hauhautanga. Ina heke te pēhanga mimiti, ka heke anō hoki te pāmahana mimiti e rite ana, ka heke te pāmahana o runga. Ka taea e tēnei tikanga te whakarerekē i te rere whakahoki ina he whakamakuku te pūwhakamātao i te tihi o te pourewa; ina he pānga whakamatao nui te pūwhakamātao i te tihi o te pourewa, ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei whakarerekē i te pāmahana whakahoki.
3. Ina kore he huringa āhua o te hauhautanga i te tihi o te pourewa i te wā o te whakawhiti wera, ka taea te whakahaere i te pāmahana o runga mā te whakarerekētanga ā-taurangi o te rere o te hauhautanga me te pāmahana o runga. Mēnā ka piki ake te tere rere, ka heke te pāmahana o runga. E kore e taea e tēnei tikanga te whakarerekē noa i te nui o te reflux, engari ka whakarerekē anō hoki i te pāmahana reflux.
4. Whakatikatikahia te pāmahana o runga ki te rohe whakawhiti wera o te pūwhakamātao o runga. Mā te whakanui ake i te taumata whakamatao ka whakanui ake i te rohe whakawhiti wera, ka whakaiti hoki i te pāmahana o runga. E kore e taea e tēnei tikanga te whakarerekē noa i te nui o te reflux, engari ka whakarerekē anō hoki i te pāmahana reflux.
5. Ina teitei te kukū o ngā rauemi i roto i te wāhanga whakatikatika, ka taea te whakarite i te pāmahana o runga mā te rerekētanga pāmahana i waenga i ngā pereti e rua. Mā te pikinga ake o te rerekētanga pāmahana, ka piki ake te rōrahi wai e rere ana, ā, ka heke te pāmahana o runga.

A: I te tīmatanga me te mahi noa o te pou whakatō, kāore te pāmahana o te ipu wai e piki.

I te wā e whakamahana ana i te tīmatanga, ko ngā take e kore ai e piki te pāmahana o te kettle ko:
1. Kua pakaru te mahanga mamaoa (te takirere aukati waikeri rānei) o te pūnaha whakamahana;
2. Kāore te takirere wai o muri o te teihana papu e tuwhera ana;
3. Kāore anō kia ringihia te wai whakapūkara i roto i te kohua whakamahana, ā, kāore e taea te tāpiri i te mamaoa;
4. He nui te wai i roto i te rauemi o raro o te pourewa (kāore e taea te whakaranu i te wai me te rauemi, nō reira kāore e tika ana mō te pūnaha wai NMP);
5. Ka ārai te hanganga taputapu koretake i te rere o te wai o te ipu;
6. Nā te kore e tika te whakahaere (kua roa rawa te whakamahana i roto i te kohua whakamahana, kua nui rawa rānei te nui o te whāngai, ā, kua kaha rawa), he nui rawa te wāhanga mārama e rere ana ki te kohua pourewa, ā, he uaua ki te whakaara ake i te pāmahana o te kohua ki te noa mō tētahi wā, inā koa mō te pourewa he iti te pāmahana o te whāngai wai, he mea ngāwari tēnei. I tēnei wā, me whakarerekē te tere whāngai me te hanganga whāngai, me whakanui rānei te whakaputanga o runga hei whakarerekē i te mahi.

I te mahi noa, ko ngā take e kore ai e taea te whakanui ake i te pāmahana o te kettle ko:
1. Kua āraia te paipa tohanga wai o te ipu whakamahana o raro, kia kore ai e tohanga te wai o te ipu;
2. Kei te kōhua, kei te āraia rānei te rauemi i roto i te kohua hou;
3. Kua pakaru te takirere aukati waikeri;
4. He taumaha rawa te hanganga o te kettle pourewa, ā, kāore e taea e te kaihoko whakamahana o nāianei te whakamahana i te wai o te kettle ki te pūwāhi mirumiru, ka kore e maeneene te rere o te wai o te kettle;
5. Ka heke te pēhanga o te kaihoko whakamahana i roto i te ipu whakamahana;
6. He iti rawa, he tiketike rawa rānei te taumata wai o te pata.